Space & Astronomy/Space and Astronomy (October 1993).iso/pc/text/spacedig/v16_1/v16no132.txt

Internet Message Format | 1993-07-13 | 30KB

Date: Mon,  8 Feb 93 07:25:30
From: Space Digest maintainer <[e-mail]>
Reply-To: [e-mail]
Subject: Space Digest V16 #132
To: Space Digest Readers
Precedence: bulk


Space Digest                Mon,  8 Feb 93       Volume 16 : Issue 132

Today's Topics:
                ANSWER: International Space University
                  Are Landsat Satellites receivable?
Flame it all...re:Challenger, Tragedy, Acetylene Torches and other...
     Honorary Names (was: Today in 1986-Remember the Challenger)
                 Launching with Pegasus -- Insurance
                        leading-edge anonymity
             Observing the Znamya space mirror experiment
                      parachutes on Challenger?
                        porsche sale (2 msgs)
         Russian solar sail flight possibly set for Feb. 4th
                            Shuttle tiles
            Today in 1986-Remember the Challenger (2 msgs)
                 Two-line elements for Progress M-15
                           UN Meteor Watch!
                    Using off-the-shelf-components
                               Voyagers
                           Well.. (2 msgs)

    Welcome to the Space Digest!!  Please send your messages to
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----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: 4 Feb 93 13:36:47 GMT
From: Michael Burstein <[e-mail]>
Subject: ANSWER: International Space University
Newsgroups: sci.space

Thanks to Mark Maimone, Grant Anderson, and Barbara McKissok, I now have
the information on how to contact ISU. If anyone else is interested,
here it is:

ISU
955 Mass. Ave.
Cambridge, MA 02139
617-354-1987
e-mail: [e-mail]

Once again, thanks to all those who responded.

--
Michael A. Burstein
Physics Department, Boston University         [e-mail]
590 Commonwealth Ave.                         [phone] (o)
Boston, MA 02215                              [phone] (h)

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 1 Feb 1993 17:23:13 GMT
From: Alan Raichel <[e-mail]>
Subject: Are Landsat Satellites receivable?
Newsgroups: sci.space

    I have seen some pretty high resolution pictures taken by
the Landsat satellites.  I think that these have a resolution of
something like 100 feet or so.  I know that the NOAA HRPT satellites
have a resolution of about 2 Km.  I think that it would be interesting
to see if I could get more.

    I know that hobiest can recieve APT and HRPT data from the
NOAA satellites.  What I was wonder if it is possable for people to
recieve the data from the Landsat satellites?  Since I know nothing
about the operations of the Landsat satellites, I was hoping that
maybe someone on the net could tell me something about them.

1. Do the Landsat satellites continously transmit pictures of what is
below them, or does it only take pictures of schedualed areas?  The
NOAA satellites continously transmit what is below them, so a station
almost anywhere can recieve data about his own area.  Is the same
true for the Landsat satellites?  IF the Landsat satellite only takes
pictures of schedualed areas, then it probabally only transmits the data
to the control station.  This would make it almost impossible for a
hobiest to get pictures of what he wants to see.

2. Is the data from the Landsat satellites encrypted?  The data from
NOAA satellites is in the clear, so any hobiest can recieve, and display
the images.  If the Landsat data is encrypted, then it would be almost
impossable for a hobiest to decode the images.  (real show stopper).

3. Are the specifications on frequencies that the satellite transmit
on, and data rates, and formats available to the public?  If they are
not, then it would be difficult to reverse engineer an earth station
to recieve this data.  If the specifications are available, then it is
only a matter of the hobiests budget and creativity to make a system to
recieve and display this data.

Thanks
alan
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME:  Alan Raichel        | ICBM: 76 30' W    39 10' N | If the answer seems
EMAIL: [e-mail] | CITY: Pasadena, MD         | Trivial, then you do
CALL:  N3IKI               | #include <stddisclaimer.h> | not understand the
---------------------------------------------------------    problem!

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 4 Feb 1993 15:31:59 GMT
From: Michael Jensen <[e-mail]>
Subject: Flame it all...re:Challenger, Tragedy, Acetylene Torches and other...
Newsgroups: sci.space

I'd like to point out that it might be possible to cut through a shuttle
tile IF you were using a very high temp torch from the BACKSIDE of the
tile.  I'm not very familiar with the actual construction of the tiles
so this seems like a reasonable solution, but Ido know for a fact that
if you place a torch to the "black" side of the tile, and check to see
how much heat get's through to the other side, you will find that the
tiles work surprisingly well.

Mike

--
Michael C. Jensen                [e-mail]
Electrical Engineering                [e-mail]
Valparaiso University                [e-mail]
"I bet the human brain is a kludge." -- Marvin Minsky

------------------------------

Date: 3 Feb 93 19:07:13 GMT
From: jack hagerty <rml!jack>
Subject: Honorary Names (was: Today in 1986-Remember the Challenger)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.space.shuttle

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Horowitz, Irwin Kenneth) writes:
>In an attempt to put a slight positive glimmer on this otherwise depressing
>subject...5 months after the loss of Challenger, at my graduation from MIT,
>on what was an otherwise miserable day (it was pouring and the graduation was
>held outside!), the president of MIT, Paul Grey, in his address, announced
>that they were renaming the Center for Space Research after Ron McNair, who
>had received his doctorate in physics from MIT.

Continuing the divergance from this somber thread, Sunnyvale Air Force
Station, the "Houston Control" for the military  space program, was renamed
"Onizuka Air Force Station" after the Challenger. I'm sure there must be
some schools named after McCallife (sp?) too. Have the other Challeger crew
members been honored by significant namings?

- Jack


=============================================================================
||Jack Hagerty, Robotic Midwives, Ltd.                 [e-mail]        ||
||Livermore, CA                   NOTE! New, improved address! ^^^        ||
||[phone]                (old ones will still work)             ||
||-------------------------------------------------------------------------||
||  "I'm sorry they're flying so low and jamming your radar, Dimitri, but  ||
||    they're trained to do that. It's called, you know, initiative"       ||
=============================================================================

------------------------------

Date: 03 Feb 93  22:54:46
From: [e-mail]
Subject: Launching with Pegasus -- Insurance
Newsgroups: sci.space

(Claudio Egalon) asks::
>There are some talk in the Brazilian community that the Brazilian
>satellite, which is scheduled to be launched from a Pegasus rocket,
>does not have any insurance. I am wondering if any one here in the
>NET could coment on that whether it is true or not. It seems kind
>of dumb not insure this satellite since Pegasus was used only twice
>in the past and in the second mission did not work very well. In
>this case the insurance would have to be provided by Orbital
>Science Corp. (the builder of Pegasus) or it is  responsability of
>the Brazilian Space Agency to insure the satellite?
    Haven't heard of any insurance coverage on this.  Would not be
surprised if it is NOT commercially insured.  Typically there are
three types of insurance that could have been procured here:
Relaunch insurance, satellite replacement insurance, and loss of
service insurance.  Relaunch insurance is given the launcher fails,
the insurance pays for another launch.  Satellite replacement is
similar -- if the satellite fails, the insurance pays for a new
satellite.  And loss of service insurance pays indemnification if
the satellite doesn't work and provide services (keeping cash flow
going and paying off penalty clauses in commercial service
contracts).
   There are a myriad of different variations on these basic types
of insurance,depending on what you want to pay for.  For example,
you could insure every which way -- coverage if the launcher failed,
the satellite failed, and to keep cash flow coming no matter what.
But that would be very expensive (I'd estimate a premium of 30+% of
the basic launch + satellite cost), and is probably too expensive
for a venture.  It is common to produce the basic components of a
replacement satellite, and just buy relaunch insurance. (about 15%
of launch cost plus 5-15% of the satellite cost)
  Here, the satellite is a one of a kind device built by the
government of Brazil.  Who insured what is highly negotiable --
Insuring satellite replacement was probably the responsibility of
the government of Brazil (They could have negotiated an insurance
clause with OSC for a replacement since OSC does build similar small
satellites, but why have an American firm rebuild a Brazilian-built
satellite?  And adding a clause to OSC to pay for a Brazilian build
means OSC will just jack up their price to cover the clause -- and
then just re-insure for that amount at Lloyds.)  It would be cheaper
for the government of Brazil to do that directly, if desired.
   Replacement of the launcher could have been either -- the
government of Brazil could insure it (using government funds or
through the Lloyds insurance market), or OSC could be required to
provide a reflight guarantee (again, increasing their price to cover
reinsurance).   If it was me, I'd insure it internally with
Brazilian government funds since it's probably easier and cheaper
for Brazil to set aside government reserve funds, rather than go to
a hard-currency, profit-making entity with a high premium rate.
   As for loss of service -- this is a government program.  Those
Brazilian civil servants will be paid if it succeeds or fails.  So
no penalty clauses -- no loss of service insurance.

John Neff replies:
>It was my understanding that the underwriters would not insure
>payloads on launch vehicles with less than the minimum nuber need
>to estimate the risk. I do not know what the minimum number is, but
>I bet it is more than two.
    Insurance is better called "risk management".  Insurers provide
to a venturer a way to manage some of the financial risks involved
in a venture by allowing them to tap into other financial pools in
certain circumstances, for a price.  An insurer makes money by
balancing overall premiums against probable losses -- and prudent
insurers do a lot of work and research to understand the risks
inherent in a venture (which is also a resource to the venturer).
   You can get insurance for a new, untested launch vehicle.  (Heck,
you can get insurance for ANYTHING.) But you will pay a high
premium.  If the insurer can balance a single launch's risk against
others (Delta and Atlas and Ariane launches) through a pool then you
can get a lower premium.  And if you can show a good risk reduction
program (like good test data), you can get a lower premium, yet.
   The first Atlas IIAS launch was insured -- based upon similarity
to previous Atlas launches, the Atlas IIAS test record, specific
design features in the Atlas (plus the insurer's analyses), and from
a pool for general satellite launches.
   You could have insured this Pegasus launch -- but for a hefty
premium, and it probably was cheaper for the government of Brazil to
"self insure" with future government funds.
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 Wales Larrison                         Space Technology Investor


--- Maximus 2.01wb

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 4 Feb 1993 01:20:17 GMT
From: Tesuji <[e-mail]>
Subject: leading-edge anonymity
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro,alt.privacy

X-Anon-To:sci.space,sci.astro,alt.privacy

I believe that fast adapters are accepting
anonymous postings as the next step in personal
freedom in communication.

True, it may encourage irresponsible postings,
especially as a novel device.  But just like
the keyboard tends to reward content by
not advertising race, creed, color,  age,
or sex, so to anonymous postings prevent false
halos (or horns) based upon one's posting site
or current supposed reputation.

The material stands on the content, not the
poster.  I look at it as taking the name
off papers submitted for refereeing.

I think the Bell Lab Boys are griping because
they are used to disproportionate power
wielded over less-connected sites or
less prestigious institutions.

Anonymous posting get rid of this bias.

So -- rather than flame the content
of anonymous postings, figure out how to
sieve based on content more efficiently.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
To find out more about the anon service, send mail to [e-mail].
Due to the double-blind system, any replies to this message will be anonymized,
and an anonymous id will be allocated automatically. You have been warned.
Please report any problems, inappropriate use etc. to [e-mail].

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 4 Feb 1993 05:10:46 GMT
From: [e-mail]
Subject: Observing the Znamya space mirror experiment
Newsgroups: sci.space

In article <[e-mail]>, [e-mail] (David M. Palmer) writes:
> Does anyone have any information that could help to watch the
> Znamya space mirror?  Specificaly, when is it going to be deployed,
> for how long, will it be in approximately the same orbit as Mir,
> or does anyone have the expected elements?
>
Local radio station rang up Astronomy Ireland and did interview withAstronomy
Ireland chairman David Moore in which the newsreader said deployment
Thu. Feb. 4 5 hours and some minutes UT. David was saying Mir visible in
morning skies over UK and Ireland !!! How much brighter will it be with sail?
Times to see it each morning are given on our newslines below:

-Tony Ryan, Hon. Sec., Astronomy Ireland, P.O.Box 2888, Dublin 1.
newslines (48p/36p per min):    0891-88-1950 (UK/NI)    1550-111-442 (Eire)
Let me know if you see it! If you're an experienced observer, record
the time to the nearest second when it passes directly above or below any
any well known bright star or planet. Send your latitude & longitude or
name of nearest big town and I'll look up its position.

------------------------------

Date: 3 Feb 93 18:48:10 GMT
From: Bruce Watson <[e-mail]>
Subject: parachutes on Challenger?
Newsgroups: sci.space

In article <[e-mail]| [e-mail] (Jeff Bytof) writes:
|Were parachutes available to the crew of the Challenger?
|
|-Jeff Bytof

No.

--
Bruce Watson ([e-mail]) Bulletin 629-49 Item 6700 Extract 75,131

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 4 Feb 1993 05:30:47 GMT
From: brett mcinnes <[e-mail]>
Subject: porsche sale
Newsgroups: alt.california,msu.admin,msu.general,alt.antiques,sci.aeronautic,sci.bio,sci.chem,sci.engr.chem,sci.engr.mech,sci.med,sci.physics,sci.space,rec.auto,rec.autos

[e-mail] (Robert Clements) writes:
:
: FORE SALE
:
: 1988 Porsche 924s - special edition - showroom condition
: 23,070 miles, jet black, ac, 5spd., grey&burg. clth<hr interior
: car is in Billings, Montana
:
Not fore play?

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 4 Feb 1993 03:01:50 GMT
From: John Snyder <[e-mail]>
Subject: porsche sale
Newsgroups: alt.california,msu.admin,msu.general,alt.antiques,sci.aeronautic,sci.bio,sci.chem,sci.engr.chem,sci.engr.mech,sci.med,sci.physics,sci.space,rec.auto,rec.autos

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Robert Clements) writes:
>Attention:
>This ad is meant for those who live in the region or can afford to fly
>here and drive or ship the car back.
>
>FORE SALE
>
>1988 Porsche 924s - special edition - showroom condition
>23,070 miles, jet black, ac, 5spd., grey&burg. clth<hr interior
>car is in Billings, Montana
>
>email me [e-mail] as to what it might be worth to you
>i'll get back in touch with who ever thinks it worth the most and we'll
>go from there.
>
>Thax for putting up with this post and sorry I could not post it to
>a more ideal newsgroup.
>
>--
>**** [e-mail] *****
>Whitehouse  -  the next generation
>(1st)No.1- It's wrong to create a whole race of humans to live as slaves.
>Clintoon - Resistance is futile.  Your hard earned incomes will be assimilated.


This reminds me of the Bloom County comic strip series on Opus the Pengiun's
Star Trek defense system.

When he heard that Congress might cut his funds, he screamed, "...For cryin'
out loud, Research Physicists need Porsches, too!"

John
[e-mail]

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 4 Feb 1993 15:29:34 GMT
From: Leigh Palmer <[e-mail]>
Subject: Russian solar sail flight possibly set for Feb. 4th
Newsgroups: sci.space

In article <roelle.728756677@uars_mag> Curtis Roelle,
roelle@uars_mag.jhuapl.edu writes:

>Please do.  We wouldn't want anyone's astrophotos ruined by the thing.

We saw it, and it was flashing! I had hoped they'd point the beam
straight down and hold it steady. I'd like to give a detailed report, but
my cassette recorder failed me for the first time in about a hundred
uses. There's something on the tape, but I won't get any great timing
info.

Progress/Znamya passed nearly through our zenith here in Burnaby, British
Columbia, about 6:35 am. It was flashing with a period of about five
seconds and a duty cycle of about 50%. I saw no especially bright flash,
and I have seen much brighter flashes several times from other
satellites, so I don't think we got specular sun here. At peak the
flashes could not have been much brighter than Jupiter, which is a mag -2
right now. About four minutes later we observed Mir itself with a dimmer
object leading it by about two degrees. They too went through the zenith.
Mir was brighter than Jupiter, but I've seen Mir when it looked even a
little brighter than it did this morning.

Oh, well, the morning was still an aesthetic success, and we reaffirmed
our faith in Newton and the two-line elements!

Leigh

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 4 Feb 1993 05:51:38 GMT
From: [e-mail]
Subject: Shuttle tiles
Newsgroups: sci.space

In article <[e-mail]>, [e-mail] (John Nagle)Re: Let's be more specific (was: Stupid Shut Cost arguements)
>        After the first shuttle flights, it turned out, as I recall, that
> the thermal protection requirements had been somewhat overestimated, and
> that titanium-based thermal protection would have worked.  I think Buran
> uses titanium, avoiding all those annoying problems with machining and
> glueing ceramics.

If Buran uses titanium, it is still in concert with ceramic tiles.  However,
as these tiles are not as technically advanced as the Lockheed TPS tiles, you
might compare them to the tiles you find on your bathroom floor or wall.  Mind
you, that is in appearance not in performance.  It might be interesting to
note that the first batch of tiles being considered for Buran, were made in
the only facility that the Soviet Union had to handle it....a bathroom tile
factory.


Sincerely,

Paul Sylvester Shanley
Researcher ad Infinitum et al
School of Human Sciences
Auburn University
308 Spidle Hall
Auburn University, Alabama  36849
United States of America
VOICE: 205 844 1339 office
VOICE: 205 887 7440 home
FAX:   [phone] office
e-mail  [e-mail]

                 or

        [e-mail]


ad astra per Mylanta

------------------------------

Date: 4 Feb 93 11:41:05 GMT
From: Alan Greig <[e-mail]>
Subject: Today in 1986-Remember the Challenger
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.space.shuttle

In article <2470@snap>, [e-mail]-mrc (Paul Johnson) writes:
                        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
I think you should shout at your news admin. Putting out your address
in UK NRS order will just guarantee that most people won't be able
to reply without manually reversing the domains.

> --
> Paul Johnson ([e-mail]).        | Tel: [phone] ext 3245
> --------------------------------------------+----------------------------------
> These ideas and others like them can be had | GEC-Marconi Research is not
> for $0.02 each from any reputable idealist. | responsible for my opinions
--
Alan Greig                            Janet: [e-mail]-TECH
Dundee Institute of Technology       Internet: [e-mail]
Tel: [phone]                 Int: [phone]
              -- There is only one true conspiracy --

------------------------------

Date: 4 Feb 93 13:40:32 GMT
From: Chuck Forsberg WA7KGX <omen!caf>
Subject: Today in 1986-Remember the Challenger
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.space.shuttle

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Henry Spencer) writes:
>to move the primary O-rings out of position) that was devastating.
>The SRB joint certainly was a bad design that needed real revision,
>but lowering the leak-test pressure back to its original value and
>avoiding low-temperature launches would have been enough to make
>launches reasonably safe, safe enough to resume a limited schedule

As I recall a number of safety related changes were made after
Challenger, quite apart from the SRB joints and the escape pole.
Were these significant in terms of overall safety?  In other
words, how much safer is Shuttle for having stood down all that
time compared to just not flying on cold days, etc.?

>People who are close to it tell me that the pressure to get the launch up
>on time is present again.  Bearers of bad news are never going to be overly

Much of the pressure to launch Callenger came from the media.
Remember how the TV anchors were taking shots at NASA for not
getting Challenger off?  (Significantly this aspect never quite
made it to the Challenger TV movie scripts....) These days the
media doesn't seem to get on NASA's case for launch delays.

The Challenger break-up certainly rather lowered my spirits for
some days.  I'm certain this had more to do with what the
shuttle means to us than with the abrupt death of 7 fine
individuals, none of whom I knew of beforehand.

Why don't we mention the workers killed working on Shuttle?
They didn't have the Right Stuff, they didn't get a chance to
Touch the Face of God, but they paid the price just the same.

--
Chuck Forsberg WA7KGX          ...!tektronix!reed!omen!caf
Author of YMODEM, ZMODEM, Professional-YAM, ZCOMM, and DSZ
  Omen Technology Inc    "The High Reliability Software"
17505-V NW Sauvie IS RD   Portland OR 97231   503-621-3406

------------------------------

Date: 3 Feb 93 19:14:59 GMT
From: Bruce Watson <[e-mail]>
Subject: Two-line elements for Progress M-15
Newsgroups: sci.space

Progress M15
1 22203U 92 71  A 93 27.90245313  .00043442  00000-0  56551-3 0   775
2 22203  51.6195 203.8938 0002112 322.9384  36.9511 15.58302839 14361

--
Bruce Watson ([e-mail]) Bulletin 629-49 Item 6700 Extract 75,131

------------------------------

Date: 4 Feb 93 11:54:34 GMT
From: [e-mail]
Subject: UN Meteor Watch!
Newsgroups: sci.space

I wonder is there a organization as part of the United Nations that is in
charge of Meteor watches?? IT is an idea.. Why must it be only the US or maybe
the old CIS who watches out for meteors and other space flotsamn, jetsom and
flora and fauna..

==
Michael Adams alias Ghost Wheel/Morgoth [e-mail]

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 4 Feb 93 10:27:35 GMT
From: Jerry Szopinski Mfg 4-6983 <[e-mail]>
Subject: Using off-the-shelf-components
Newsgroups: sci.space

Edward V. Wright ([e-mail]) wrote:
: In <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Ata Etemadi) writes:
:
: > Are there any companies out there whose off-the-shelf products are
: >space-qualified ?
:
: That depends on what you mean by space-qualified.  The Russians
: consider canned borsht from the local supermartski to be space-
: qualified.  NASA doesn't.
:
: Space-qualifed today means
:
: 1) lightweight (because transportation is so expensive),
: 2) reliable (because there's no one to fix it it breaks down), and
: 3) able to operate in conditions of extreme heat, cold, vaccuum, etc.
:
: Given a reliable, low-cost space transportation system, 1 and 2
: become much less important.  And if you have a rotating space
: station, with artificial gravity and earth-normal or near-normal
: atmosphere, 3 ceases to be important as well, and you can buy
: just about everything off the shelf.
:
:

--

Even given reliable, low-cost space transport and space stations with
artificial gravity, etc., you're still going to need parts that are going
to withstand the rigors of space travel.  Space stations and bases are
going to be spread-out pretty far; it wom't be like jumping into your car
and running down to the nearest mall.  Some space facilities won't have
the ability to manufacture their own components/equipment; these places
will have to be resupplied from some other facility/planet.

Then there's the fact that some missions/explorations are going to last
weeks, months, maybe even years.  The spacecraft used on those missions
will most likely have limited storage space; it won't be able to carry
large quantities of spare parts.

In the early 1960's the government established a series of Military
Standard (MIL-STD) specifications for components that were to go into
NASA and military vehicles/equipment.  These specifications require items
to be tested above and beyond the normal testing that manufacturers
usually do; this is the main reason why NASA/military-qualified parts
cost so much.

If a man is going to go into space on a mission that is going to last
quite a long period of time he's going to want everything on his craft
to work perfectly from the time that he "lights the candle" to the time
he returns.  And, if a component should happen to fail while he's out
there, he doesn't want to waste his valuable time troubleshooting/fixing/
swapping-out parts.

I don't know about anyone else but I have a hard time believing that a
part from Radio Schlock is going to survive the rigors of space travel.


Jerry

=======================================================================
Jerry Szopinski
I have an agreement with my employers:  I won't speak for them, and they
won't cut-off my cookie supply.

"It riles them to believe that you perceive the web they weave and keep on
thinking free!"  --  Moody Blues

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 03 Feb 93 14:09:20 EST
From: Jean-Luc Picard <[e-mail]>
Subject: Voyagers
Newsgroups: sci.space

Hello to all. I was just wondering...Does anyone know if NASA is still
getting downloads from the Voyagers 1&2? And if so, how far out are they
now?


---
Jean-Luc Picard   -    [e-mail]
>> Midnite Mania Information Services <<

------------------------------

Date: 3 Feb 93 22:00:10 GMT
From: "Jason W. Hinson" <[e-mail]>
Subject: Well..
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.misc,rec.arts.startrek.tech

[e-mail] (nicolas produit) writes:
<Lets get it straight and make the experiment like that:
<Someone (A) leave the earth at speed c (warp 1 relative to earth)
<and go to a planet 60 light year away from earth.
<When he is there he explode an atomic bomb.
<
<1-Someone on earth has to wait 120 year to see the explosion.
<2-If you are A then the time you will register between starting
<  from earth and exploding the bomb will be zero (this is not a typo
<  I mean 0)


This would be true if (1) we were talking about real world physics, and
(2) the frame of referenced taken to have v = c was an appropriate rest
frame for an observer.  But neither of these is true.

Your argument is well taken, but relativistic effects do not apply to
warp physics.  So, as far as traveling at warp 1, this would no longer
be true.


-Jay

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 4 Feb 93 16:31:02 GMT
From: "Stephen Scrimgeour (Jnr Hons)" <[e-mail]>
Subject: Well..

To travel 60 light years at Warp 1 would take 60 years to an observer on
Earth but the actual Astronaut involved would only experience a 2 year, 8
month journey due to Time Dilation. This is traveling at 0.999c not actually.
I'm no physicist so perhaps someone can explain what is actually meant by
Warp One - do you mean 'c' or a speed just pasth the threshold of the speed
of light?

----------------------------------------------------------------
Stephen Scrimgeour
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science
University of Dundee
Dundee, DD1 4HN.
[e-mail: [e-mail]]
----------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro,alt.sci.planetary

From: Curtis Roelle <roelle@uars_mag.jhuapl.edu>
Subject: Re: IRAS - 10 Years Ago
Message-Id: <roelle.728765620@uars_mag>
Sender: USENET News System <[e-mail]>
Organization: Johns Hopkins University
References: <[e-mail]> <[e-mail]> <roelle.728763923@uars_mag>
Date:  3 Feb 93 18:53:40 GMT
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Source-Info:  Sender is really [e-mail]
Source-Info:  Sender is really [e-mail]

roelle@uars_mag.jhuapl.edu (Curtis Roelle) writes:

>twin star clusters M46 and M46 in Puppis, or so I thought.  I pointed
                             ^--- "M47", of course (oops)
>Curt Roelle

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End of Space Digest Volume 16 : Issue 132
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